How to verify land before buying in Cameroon

Why verify land before buying?

In Cameroon, land disputes account for a significant share of court cases. Fraud is common: double sales, fake land titles, disputed plots presented as secure, sellers with no right to sell. Rigorous due diligence is the only effective protection before investing.

Step 1: Check the land title

The first check confirms the existence and validity of the land title. Go to the competent Land Registry office (the land office for the plot's locality) with the title number provided by the seller.

• Check that the title number matches the described plot
• Confirm the seller is the owner registered on the title
• Check for recorded mortgages or charges
• Control the stated boundaries and area
• Request a recent extract from the land book

Step 2: Cadastral control

The cadastre verifies the plot's precise geographic position, boundaries and area. Consult the competent cadastral service for a recent cadastral extract and compare it with the seller's plan.

Step 3: Check objections and disputes

Before any transaction, check that no objection is recorded on the land title. An objection can block the transaction and signal an ongoing dispute. Also consult the competent high-court archives for potential litigation.

Step 4: Physical site visit

A physical visit is indispensable. It verifies the plot matches its description, identifies any occupants, records access conditions and de facto easements, and assesses physical constraints (slope, flood risk, soil type).

• Check the plan matches the on-the-ground reality
• Identify occupants and their occupation rights
• Record existing access and roads
• Assess natural risks (flooding, landslides)
• Meet neighbours to gather information

Step 5: Verify the seller's identity

Carefully verify the seller's identity and capacity to sell. In inheritance cases, all heirs must consent to the sale. For mandates, check the notarised power of attorney and its scope.

Pitfalls to avoid

• Never pay before checking the original land title
• Beware abnormally low prices
• Refuse cash payments without an official receipt
• Do not trust unverified copies of land titles
• Avoid unofficial intermediaries
• Never sign a private deed without legal advice